{"id":11080,"date":"2024-11-28T17:08:54","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T09:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/?p=11080"},"modified":"2025-03-11T00:24:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T16:24:56","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e6%96%87-%e6%b3%95%e5%9b%bd%e9%a9%bb%e5%8d%8e%e5%a4%a7%e4%bd%bf%e5%92%8c%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e5%90%8d%e5%ba%84%e5%ba%84%e4%b8%bb%e9%83%bd%e4%ba%b2%e4%b8%b4%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/p\/11080.html","title":{"rendered":"2024 International Terroir Symposium Records Huge Success"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We are excited to share the wonderful news that the 7<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0International Terroir Symposium (the &#8220;Symposium&#8221;), organised by TasteSpirit &amp; TerroirSense, was successfully held from November 22<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0to 24<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0in Shanghai,\u00a0<strong>a great success<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>beyond the expectations of all winegrowers<\/strong>, according to Mr. Thibault Liger-Belair, president of Association Internationale des Terroirs. The continuous interest and support of great terroir wineries and all partners from all over the world, played a crucial role in making this event a resounding success, and we would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to you.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"opinion-popup-img\" href=https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/860b5ddb-aece-cb60-4aa0-b295d19626e9.gif  data-size=\"{&quot;w&quot;:800,&quot;h&quot;:532}\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11085 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/860b5ddb-aece-cb60-4aa0-b295d19626e9.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/860b5ddb-aece-cb60-4aa0-b295d19626e9.gif 800w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/860b5ddb-aece-cb60-4aa0-b295d19626e9-332x222.gif 332w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/860b5ddb-aece-cb60-4aa0-b295d19626e9-716x476.gif 716w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Relive the Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For a quick glimpse into the memorable moments from this year&#8217;s Symposium, we invite you to explore the following photo and video:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=fb52c7e757&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>2024 Symposium\u00a0<\/em><em>Photo Gallery<\/em><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=11cce9f6c4&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>2024 Symposium Highlights Video<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A Celebration of Terroir Excellence<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Organized by <strong>TasteSpirit &amp; TerroirSense<\/strong>, this year&#8217;s Symposium brought together\u00a0<strong>196\u00a0<\/strong>distinguished wineries from\u00a0<strong>16\u00a0<\/strong>countries around the globe, showcasing\u00a0<strong>over 1,000<\/strong>\u00a0exceptional terroir wines. The event featured insightful presentations from\u00a0<strong>more than 50<\/strong>\u00a0top international winery owners and terroir experts, as well as representatives from\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>\u00a0fine Chinese wineries and 55 top fine wine importers.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"opinion-popup-img\" href=https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/8e3d2b9e-a384-ec8e-ecf0-a544a2c9d33a.gif  data-size=\"{&quot;w&quot;:800,&quot;h&quot;:532}\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11086 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/8e3d2b9e-a384-ec8e-ecf0-a544a2c9d33a.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/8e3d2b9e-a384-ec8e-ecf0-a544a2c9d33a.gif 800w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/8e3d2b9e-a384-ec8e-ecf0-a544a2c9d33a-332x222.gif 332w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/8e3d2b9e-a384-ec8e-ecf0-a544a2c9d33a-716x476.gif 716w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Terroir Culture Seminar, held on November 22<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0has been included in\u00a0<strong>the official list of \u201cCelebration of 60th anniversary for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France \u201d<\/strong>at Chinese and French Foreign Affairs Ministries. This seminar was attended by many distinguished speakers including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mr. Bertrand Lortholary<\/strong>, French Ambassador to China<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Guillaume Gomez<\/strong>, Personal Representative of the President of the French Republic for Gastronomy and Ambassador of France for gastronomy<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Thibault Liger-Belair<\/strong>, President of the Association Internationale des Terroirs (&#8220;A.I.T.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Aubert de Villaine<\/strong>, Honorary President of A.I.T.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Yann Juban<\/strong>, Deputy Director General of International Organization of Vine and Wine(\u201cOIV\u201d)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Linhai Hao<\/strong>\u00a0Former Deputy President of the People&#8217;s Government of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Ming Xu<\/strong>\u00a0Deputy Director of Center for International Exchange, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (\u201cMARA\u201d), China<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Laurent Delaunay<\/strong>, President of Vins de Bourgogne-BIVB<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ms. Lin Tingjun<\/strong>\u00a0General Director of Shanghai Pudong Commerce Commission<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Jacky Rigaux<\/strong>, Vice-President of A.I.T. and renowned wine writer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. Paolo Basso<\/strong>, World&#8217;s Best Sommelier 2013, owner of Paolo Basso Wine<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mr. G<\/strong><strong>\u00e9rard Ferri\u00e8re<\/strong>\u00a0Adviser to the Mayor of Dijon, Burgundy, France<\/li>\n<li>And many other distinguished experts of terroir, owners and directors of great terroir wineries from all over the world<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The evening concluded with a Prestigious Dinner in celebration of the friendship between France and China, which was equally well-received by all attendees.Both the Seminar and the Prestigious Dinner were met with high praise for their insightful discussions and exceptional hospitality.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"opinion-popup-img\" href=https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a.gif  data-size=\"{&quot;w&quot;:900,&quot;h&quot;:599}\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11087 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a.gif 900w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a-716x477.gif 716w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a-332x222.gif 332w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/9ed89b23-82a7-69a2-40dc-093ffd0d1f0a-820x546.gif 820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>On November 23<sup>rd<\/sup>\u00a0and 24<sup>th<\/sup>, a series of remarkable events took place at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel of Pudong. 7 high level masterclasses were professionally organised, attracting 450 professionals and connoisseurs.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the Grand Terroir Wines Salon, featuring wines from various regions around the globe, welcomed a multitude of professionals and enthusiasts from all over China. Following the International Workshop on Vine and Wine Industry Cooperation by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China on the morning of November 23<sup>rd<\/sup>, Mr. Bertrand Lortholary also visited the Grand Terroir Wines Salon.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"opinion-popup-img\" href=https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/2c6c6e2d-6230-9ddd-5a14-0d640e7cfc8f.gif  data-size=\"{&quot;w&quot;:800,&quot;h&quot;:532}\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11088 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/2c6c6e2d-6230-9ddd-5a14-0d640e7cfc8f.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/2c6c6e2d-6230-9ddd-5a14-0d640e7cfc8f.gif 800w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/2c6c6e2d-6230-9ddd-5a14-0d640e7cfc8f-332x222.gif 332w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/2c6c6e2d-6230-9ddd-5a14-0d640e7cfc8f-716x476.gif 716w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The events culminated in a Gala Dinner in the form of la Paul\u00e9e to celebrate the successful completion of the three-day International Terroir Symposium.<\/p>\n<p>This remarkable gathering not only provided an invaluable platform for networking and deepening connections, but also served as a celebration of the philosophy of terroir and artistry of winemaking. With\u00a0<strong>over 3,000<\/strong>\u00a0wine enthusiasts and professionals in attendance. The Symposium has firmly established itself as a cornerstone event for both the international and Chinese wine communities,\u201cequivalent the event\u00a0<em>The Wine Experience of Wine Spectator<\/em>\u201d commented by several top professionals from France.<\/p>\n<p>Building on this momentum, we are excited to offer your winery an exceptional opportunity to engage with a broad and targeted audience while expanding your great terroir wine brand&#8217;s influence in the Chinese and Asian market.<\/p>\n<p>You can also revisit highlights videofrom previous editions of the Symposium:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2015<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=9848d60513&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>2017<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=59c0655714&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>2018<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=3d2f7fdc65&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>2019<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=e503e7cf8c&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>2020<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=703f6fb0a5&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>2021<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/terroirsense.us4.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=8f85628bcc4a962ecf291006f&amp;id=2983f97628&amp;e=8a05ee87a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>View<\/em>\u00a0<em>Here<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mark Your Calendar!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are thrilled to announce the dates for the\u00a0<strong>8<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0International Terroir Symposium<\/strong>:\u00a0<strong>November 20<sup>th<\/sup> to 22<sup>th<\/sup>, 2025<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>We believe the International Terroir Symposium is a prominent platform to show the exceptional terroir wines, to be connected with key leaders and qualified wine lovers in China, and to explore exciting business prospects.<br \/>\nIf you are interested in participating, please do not hesitate to contact our team by replying to this email or reaching out directly to\u00a0<strong><u><a href=\"mailto:application@terroir-renaissance.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">application@terroir-renaissance.com<\/a><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Please find below the list of experts, winery owners and directors, and all the names of 196 great terroir wineries from all over the world who generously supported and participated the International Terroir Symposium of 2024. We are very grateful for their support:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Bertrand Lortholary<\/strong>, French Ambassador to China<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Guillaume Gomez<\/strong>, Personal Representative of the President of the French Republic for Gastronomy and Ambassador of France for gastronomy<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Thibault Liger-Belair<\/strong>, President of the Association Internationale des Terroirs (&#8220;A.I.T.&#8221;)<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Aubert de Villaine<\/strong>, Honorary President of A.I.T.<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Laurent Delaunay<\/strong>, owner of Maison Edouard Delaunay and President of BIVB<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Sylvain Naulin<\/strong>, General Manager of BIVB<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Yann Juban<\/strong>, Deputy Director General of International Organization of Vine and Wine(\u201cOIV\u201d)<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Joan Valadou<\/strong>, Consul General of France in Shanghai<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. G\u00e9rard Ferri\u00e8re<\/strong>\u00a0Adviser to the Mayor of Dijon, Burgundy, France<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Jacky Rigaux<\/strong>, Vice-President of the Association Internationale des Terroirs (&#8220;A.I.T.&#8221;) and renowned wine writer<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Paolo Basso<\/strong>, World&#8217;s Best Sommelier 2013, owner of Paolo Basso Wines<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Olivier de Cayron<\/strong>, Honorary President of Association Internationale des Vins Rares et Vieux Mill\u00e9simes, Descendant of Dr. Jules Lavalle<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Laurent Vialette<\/strong>, President of Grand Jury du Vin<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Erwan Faiveley<\/strong>, owner of Domaine Faiveley<br \/>\n<strong>Mr William Jacquin-Ponsot<\/strong>, Associate Director of Domaine Ponsot<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Alexandre Abel<\/strong>, Deputy Director and Domaine Ponsot<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Jean-Michel Chartron<\/strong>, owner of Domaine Jean Chartron<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Edouard Labet<\/strong>, owner of Ch\u00e2teau de la Tour<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Bruno Clavelier<\/strong>, owner of Domaine Bruno Clavelier<br \/>\n<strong>Ms. Nadine Gublin<\/strong>, Director of Domaine Jacques Prieur<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Jean Lupatelli<\/strong>, Director of Domaine Comte Georges de Vog\u00fc\u00e9<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Bernard Bouvier<\/strong>, Vice-President of Tontons Trinqueurs, President of the Marsannay Appellation and owner of Domaine R\u00e9n\u00e9 Bouvier.<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Claude Muzard<\/strong>, President of Tontons Trinqueurs, owner of Domaine Lucien Muzard, and his daughter,\u00a0<strong>Ms. Capucine Muzard<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Mrs. Aur\u00e9lie Cheveau<\/strong>, owner of Domaine Cheveau.<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Philippe Duvernay and Mrs. Laura Coffinet<\/strong>, owners of Domaine Conffinet-<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: #000000;\">Duvernay<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Koji Nakata<\/strong>, owner of Lou Dumont<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Thomas Duroux<\/strong>, General Manager of Ch\u00e2teau Palmer<br \/>\n<strong>Ms. V\u00e9ronique Sanders<\/strong>, General Manager of Ch\u00e2teau Haut-Bailly<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Alain Moueix<\/strong>, directors of Ch\u00e2teau Fonroque and Ch\u00e2teau Mazeyres.<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. J\u00e9r\u00f4me Moitry<\/strong>, co-owner of Ch\u00e2teau Climens, 1st Cru Class\u00e9 Sauternes, Bordeaux, France<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Patrick Baudouin<\/strong>, owner of Domaine Patrick Baudouin, Loire Valley, France<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Alvaro Palacios<\/strong>, owner of Alvaro Palacios Winery in Priorat, Palacios Remondo in Rioja and co-owner of Descendientes de J. Palacios in Bierzo, Spain<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Pasquale Forte and Mrs. Filiz Forte<\/strong>, owners of Podere Forte, Tuscany, Italy<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Gerardo Gondi<\/strong>, owner of Marchesi Gondi, Chianti, Tuscany, Italy<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Scott Becker and Mrs. Meaghan Becker<\/strong>, owners of \u2018Realm Cellars\u2019, Napa Valley, California, USA<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Nigel Greening<\/strong>, owner of Felton Road Winery, New Zealand<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. John Duval<\/strong>, Owner and Winemaker, John Duval Winery, Australia<br \/>\n<strong>Mr. Ben Portet<\/strong>, 10th generation winemaker of Dominique Portet, Australia<br \/>\n<strong>Mrs. Edel Ziereisen<\/strong>, owner of Ziereisen, Baden,Germany<br \/>\netc.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"opinion-popup-img\" href=https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/014b56a7-2737-b191-4373-c6be957853e4-scaled.jpg  data-size=\"{&quot;w&quot;:1920,&quot;h&quot;:1280}\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11089 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/014b56a7-2737-b191-4373-c6be957853e4-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/014b56a7-2737-b191-4373-c6be957853e4-scaled.jpg 389w, https:\/\/s.terroirsense.com\/2024\/11\/014b56a7-2737-b191-4373-c6be957853e4-311x2048.jpg 311w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vive le terroir!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Team of International Terroir Symposium<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are excited to share the wonderful news that the 7th\u00a0International Terroir Symposium (the &#8220;Symposium&#8221;), organised by TasteSpirit &amp; TerroirSense, was successfully held from November 22nd\u00a0to 24th\u00a0in Shanghai,\u00a0a great success\u00a0beyond the expectations of all winegrowers, according to Mr. Thibault Liger-Belair, president of Association Internationale des Terroirs. The continuous interest and support of great terroir wineries [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11094,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[146,145],"class_list":["post-11080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-event","tag-international-terroir-symposium","tag-terroir-symposium","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11080"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11105,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080\/revisions\/11105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/terroirsense.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}